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History
Juodkrante (former Schwarzort or Schattenort)
For the first time Juodkrante was mentioned in the tax records in 1429, though
then it was closer to the sea and approximately 2,5 km to the north from its present
location. Fourteen fishermen families, two part-time fishermen and two lodger
families lived there in 1539. Due to life difficulties, poverty and threat of
moving sand, people were leaving the place. Only 6 lodger families lived there
in 1593. In 1599 and 1600 the village that consisted of 13 farmsteads was almost
buried with the sand. The plague took many lives in 1603. Only 6 huts still had
some inhabitants. Invasion of sand didn't stop and the Juodkrante village at the
seaside was mentioned the last time in 1724.
State forest warden Hans Reinish got permission to set up an inn at the road in
1669 and to settle several fishermen families next to it in 1682. It was the birth
of Juodkrante also known as Old Juodkrante. Russian occupation slowed down its
further development. Seven households were occupied there in 1784. Residents of
buried Karvaiciai village settled south from present Juodkrante about 1794. They
called it New Karvaiciai. The church from the old Karvaiciai was brought in 1794.
After the last Karvaiciai preacher left the new place, people started to call
it Juodkrante Church. The new settlement, which appeared next to it in 1814, was
called "Juodkrante at the Church". When the old praying house burned
in 1878, it was replaced with a new red brick church in 1885.
In the 19th century, Naujieji Karvaiciai, Juodkrante at the Church and the Old
Juodkrante settlements grew into one village. However, local residents recognised
them as separate parts until 1945. These three old parts of Juodkrante still can
be recognised in the present village plan.
The growing resort and amber excavation company "W. Stantien & M. Becker"
had essential impact to the development of the village in the second half of the
19th century. As a resort Juodkrante became famous in 1840. The first steamboats
from Klaipeda arrived in 1858. When the embankment was finished other steamboat
routes from Tilze and Krantas were set up. For solving recreational issues, the
Resort Committee was established in 1881. The most important persons to Juodkrante
development were hotel owners Edward and Lui Stellmachers, and also resort commissioner
Rudolf Werner.
In 1855, 1860 and 1861, when dredgers were deepening the lagoon waterway, the
first samples of amber were found near Juodkrante. It drew the attention of two
businessmen W. Stantien and M. Becker. They obtained exceptional amber excavation
rights for their W. Stantien & M. Becker Company. In return, the company was
responsible for cleaning and taking care of the waterway. It had a positive influence
on resort development: the company dug and equipped the dredger harbour (so-called
Amber Cove), strengthened eroded lagoon shores with dug out ground, financed the
construction of the embankment for steamboats and bought the new organ for the
new Juodkrante church. A company building was constructed in the very centre of
Juodkrante. Work on dredgers and sorting amber brought additional incomes to local
community. The company built wooden barracks for workers from the continent, mostly
Lithuanians. The amber company finished its operation in Juodkrante in 1890 and
everybody who worked for it deserted the village.
A new school in Juodkrante was built in 1903. Many new hotels, guest houses, cottages,
shops and restaurants appeared in Juodkrante in the 19th and beginning of the
20th centuries. Number of citizens was growing constantly: 157 - in 1830, 216
- in 1846, 222 - in 1861, 383 - in 1864, 512 - in 1871, 851 - in 1885, 423 - in
1895, 440 - in 1897 and 465 citizens were recorded in 1905.
There are 720 permanent residents of Juodkrante today. It is a fancy resort village
as for vacationers as for tourists.
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Juodkrante settlement
The old houses in Juodkrante
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